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3
augustus 1795
A treaty of peace between the United States of America, and the tribes
of Indians called the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanees, Ottawas,
Chippewas, Pattawatimas, Miamis, Eel Rivers, Weas, Kickapoos,
Piankeshaws, and Kaskaskias.
To
put an end to a destructive war, to settle all controversies, and to
restore harmony and friendly intercourse between the said United
States and Indian tribes, Anthony Wayne, major general commanding
the army of the United States, and sole commissioner for the good
purposes above mentioned, and the said tribes of Indians, by their
sachems, chiefs, and warriors, met together at Greenville, the head
quarters of the said army, have agreed on the following articles,
which, when ratified by the President, with the advice and consent
of the Senate of the United States, shall be binding on them and the
said Indian tribes.
Article
1
Henceforth
all hostilities shall cease; peace is hereby established, and shall
be perpetual; and a friendly intercourse shall take place between
the said United States and Indian tribes.
Article
2
All
prisoners shall, on both sides, be restored. The Indians, prisoners
to the United States, shall be immediately set at liberty. The
people of the United States, still remaining prisoners among the
Indians, shall be delivered up in ninety days from the date hereof,
to the general or commanding officer at Greenville, fort Wayne, or
fort Defiance; and ten chiefs of the said tribes shall remain at
Greenville as hostages, until the delivery of the prisoners shall be
effected.
Article
3
The
general boundary line between the lands of the United States and the
lands of the said Indian tribes, shall begin at the mouth of
Cayahoga river, and run thence up the same to the portage, between
that and the Tuscarawas branch of the Muskingum, thence down that
branch to the crossing place above fort Lawrence, thence westerly to
a fork of that branch of the Great Miami river, running into the
Ohio, at or near which fork stood Loromie's store, and where
commences the portage between the Miami of the Ohio, and St. Mary's
river, which is a branch of the Miami which runs into lake Erie;
thence a westerly course to fort Recovery, which stands on a branch
of the Wabash; thence southwesterly in a direct line to the Ohio, so
as to intersect that river opposite the mouth of Kentucke or Cuttawa
river. And in consideration of the peace now established; of the
goods formerly received from the United States; of those now to be
delivered; and of the yearly delivery of goods now stipulated to be
made hereafter; and to indemnify the United States for the injuries
and expenses they have sustained during the war, the said Indian
tribes do hereby cede and relinquish forever, all their claims to
the lands lying eastwardly and southwardly of the general boundary
line now described: and these lands, or any part of them, shall
never hereafter be made a cause or pretence, on the part of the said
tribes, or any of them, of war or injury to the United States, or
any of the people thereof.
And
for the same considerations, and as an evidence of the returning
friendship of the said Indian tribes, of their confidence in the
United States, and desire to provide for their accommodations, and
for that convenient intercourse which will be beneficial to both
parties, the said Indian tribes do also cede to the United States
the following pieces of land, to wit:
-
1)
One piece of land six miles square, at or near Loromie's
store, before mentioned.
-
2)
One piece two miles square, at the head of the navigable water
or landing, on the St. Mary's river, near Girty's town.
-
3)
One piece six miles square, at the head of the navigable water
of the Auglaize river.
-
4)
One piece six miles square, at the confluence of the Auglaize
and Miami rivers, where fort Defiance now stands.
-
5)
One piece six miles square, at or near the confluence of the
rivers St. Mary's and St. Joseph's, where fort Wayne now
stands, or near it.
-
6)
One piece two miles square, on the Wabash river, at the end of
the portage from the Miami of the lake, and about eight miles
westward from fort Wayne.
-
7)
One piece six miles square, at the Ouatanon, or Old Wea towns,
on the Wabash river.
-
8)
One piece twelve miles square, at the British fort on the
Miami of the lake, at the foot of the rapids.
-
9)
One piece six miles square, at the mouth of the said river,
where it empties into the lake.
-
10)
One piece six miles square, upon Sandusky lake, where a fort
formerly stood.
-
11)
One piece two miles square, at the lower rapids of Sandusky
river.
-
12)
The post of Detroit, and all the land to the north, the west
and the south of it, of which the Indian title has been
extinguished by gifts or grants to the French or English
governments: and so much more land to be annexed to the
district of Detroit, as shall be comprehended between the
river Rosine, on the south, lake St. Clair on the north, and a
line, the general course whereof shall be six miles distant
from the west end of lake Erie and Detroit river.
-
13)
The post of Michilimackinac, and all the land on the island on
which that post stands, and the main land adjacent, of which
the Indian title has been extinguished by gifts or grants to
the Frewnch or English governments; and a piece of land on the
main to the north of the island, to measure six miles, on lake
Huron, or the strait between lakes Huron and Michigan, and to
extend three miles back from the water of the lake or strait;
and also, the Island De Bois Blane, being an extra and
voluntary gift of the Chippewa nation.
-
14)
One piece of land six miles square, at the mouth of Chikago
river, emptying into the southwest end of lake Michigan, where
a fort formerly stood.
-
15)
One piece twelve miles square, at or near the mouth of the
Illinois river, emptying into the Mississippi.
-
16)
One piece six miles square, at the old Piorias fort and
village near the south end of the Illinois lake, on said
Illinois river. And whenever the United States shall think
proper to survey and mark the boundaries of the lands hereby
ceded to them, they shall give timely notice thereof to the
said tribes of Indians, that they may appoint some of their
wise chiefs to attend and see that the lines are run according
to the terms of this treaty.
And
the said Indian tribes will allow to the people of the United States
a free passage by land and by water, as one and the other shall be
found convenient, through their country, along the chain of posts
hereinbefore mentioned; that is to say, from the commencement of the
portage aforesaid, at or near Loromie's store, thence along said
portage to the St. Mary's, and down the same to fort Wayne, and then
down the Miami, to lake Erie; again, from the commencement of the
portage at or near Loromie's store along the portage from thence to
the river Auglaize, and down the same to its junction with the Miami
at fort Defiance; again, from the commencement of the portage
aforesaid, to Sandusky river, and down the same to Sandusky bay and
lake Erie, and from Sandusky to the post which shall be taken at or
near the foot of the Rapids of the Miami of the lake; and from
thence to Detroit. Again, from the mouth of Chikago, to the
commencement of the portage, between that river and the Illinois,
and down the Illinois river to the Mississippi; also, from fort
Wayne, along the portage aforesaid, which leads to the Wabash, and
then down the Wabash to the Ohio. And the said Indian tribes will
also allow to the people of the United States, the free use of the
harbors and mouths of rivers along the lakes adjoining the Indian
lands, for sheltering vessels and boats, and liberty to land their
cargoes where necessary for their safety.
Article
4
In
consideration of the peace now established, and of the cessions and
relinquishments of lands made in the preceding article by the said
tribes of Indians, and to manifest the liberality of the United
States, as the great means of rendering this peace strong and
perpetual, the United States relinquish their claims to all other
Indian lands northward of the river Ohio, eastward of the
Mississippi, and westward and southward of the Great Lakes and the
waters, uniting them, according to the boundary line agreed on by
the United States and the King of Great Britain, in the treaty of
peace made between them in the year 1783. But from this
relinquishment by the United States, the following tracts of land
are explicitly excepted:
1st.
The tract on one hundred and fifty thousand acres near the rapids of
the river Ohio, which has been assigned to General Clark, for the
use of himself and his warriors.
2nd.
The post of St. Vincennes, on the River Wabash, and the lands
adjacent, of which the Indian title has been extinguished.
3rd.
The lands at all other places in possession of the French people and
other white settlers among them, of which the Indian title has been
extinguished as mentioned in the 3d article; and
4th.
The post of fort Massac towards the mouth of the Ohio. To which
several parcels of land so excepted, the said tribes relinquish all
the title and claim which they or any of them may have.
And
for the same considerations and with the same views as above
mentioned, the United States now deliver to the said Indian tribes a
quantity of goods to the value of twenty thousand dollars, the
receipt whereof they do hereby acknowledge; and henceforward every
year, forever, the United States will deliver, at some convenient
place northward of the river Ohio, like useful goods, suited to the
circumstances of the Indians, of the value of nine thousand five
hundred dollars; reckoning that value at the first cost of the goods
in the city or place in the United States where they shall be
procured. The tribes to which those goods are to be annually
delivered, and the proportions in which they are to be delivered,
are the following:
1st. To the Wyandots, the amount of one thousand dollars.
2nd. To the
Delawares, the amount of one thousand dollars.
3rd. To the
Shawanees, the amount of one thousand dollars.
4th. To the
Miamis, the amount of one thousand dollars.
5th. To the
Ottawas, the amount of one thousand dollars.
6th. To the
Chippewas, the amount of one thousand dollars.
7th. To the
Pattawatimas, the amount of one thousand dollars, and
8th. To the
Kickapoo, Wea, Eel River, Piankeshaw, and Kaskaskia tribes, the
amount of five
hundred dollars each.
Provided,
that if either of the said tribes shall hereafter, at an annual
delivery of their share of the goods aforesaid, desire that a part
of their annuity should be furnished in domestic animals, implements
of husbandry, and other utensils convenient for them, and in
compensation to useful artificers who may reside with or near them,
and be employed for their benefit, the same shall, at the subsequent
annual deliveries, be furnished accordingly.
Article
5
To
prevent any misunderstanding about the Indian lands relinquished by
the United States in the fourth article, it is now explicitly
declared, that the meaning of that relinquishment is this: the
Indian tribes who have a right to those lands, are quietly to enjoy
them, hunting, planting, and dwelling thereon, so long as they
please, without any molestation from the United States; but when
those tribes, or any of them, shall be disposed to sell their lands,
or any part of them, they are to be sold only to the United States;
and until such sale, the United States will protect all the said
Indian tribes in the quiet enjoyment of their lands against all
citizens of the United States, and against all other white persons
who intrude upon the same. And the said Indian tribes again
acknowledge themselves to be under the protection of the said United
States, and no other power whatever.
Article
6
If
any citizen of the United States, or any other white person or
persons, shall presume to settle upon the lands now relinquished by
the United States, such citizen or other person shall be out of the
protection of the United States; and the Indian tribe, on whose land
the settlement shall be made, may drive off the settler, or punish
him in such manner as they shall think fit; and because such
settlements, made without the consent of the United States, will be
injurious to them as well as to the Indians, the United States shall
be at liberty to break them up, and remove and punish the settlers
as they shall think proper, and so effect that protection of the
Indian lands herein before stipulated.
Article
7
The
said tribes of Indians, parties to this treaty, shall be at liberty
to hunt within the territory and lands which they have now ceded to
the United States, without hindrance or molestation, so long as they
demean themselves peaceably, and offer no injury to the people of
the United States.
Article
8
Trade
shall be opened with the said Indian tribes; and they do hereby
respectively engage to afford protection to such persons, with their
property, as shall be duly licensed to reside among them for the
purpose of trade; and to their agents and servants; but no person
shall be permitted to reside among them for the purpose of trade;
and to their agents and servants; but no person shall be permitted
to reside at any of their towns or hunting camps, as a trader, who
is not furnished with a license for that purpose, under the hand and
seal of the superintendent of the department northwest of the Ohio,
or such other person as the President of the United States shall
authorize to grant such licenses; to the end, that the said Indians
may not be imposed on in their trade.* And if any licensed trader
shall abuse his privilege by unfair dealing, upon complaint and
proof thereof, his license shall be taken from him, and he shall be
further punished according to the laws of the United States. And if
any person shall intrude himself as a trader, without such license,
the said Indians shall take and bring him before the superintendent,
or his deputy, to be dealt with according to law. And to prevent
impositions by forged licenses, the said Indians shall, at lease
once a year, give information to the superintendent, or his deputies,
on the names of the traders residing among them.
Article
9
Lest
the firm peace and friendship now established, should be interrupted
by the misconduct of individuals, the United States, and the said
Indian tribes agree, that for injuries done by individuals on either
side, no private revenge or retaliation shall take place; but
instead thereof, complaint shall be made by the party injured, to
the other: by the said Indian tribes or any of them, to the
President of the United States, or the superintendent by him
appointed; and by the superintendent or other person appointed by
the President, to the principal chiefs of the said Indian tribes, or
of the tribe to which the offender belongs; and such prudent
measures shall then be taken as shall be necessary to preserve the
said peace and friendship unbroken, until the legislature (or great
council) of the United States, shall make other equitable provision
in the case, to the satisfaction of both parties. Should any Indian
tribes meditate a war against the United States, or either of them,
and the same shall come to the knowledge of the before mentioned
tribes, or either of them, they do hereby engage to give immediate
notice thereof to the general, or officer commanding the troops of
the United States, at the nearest post.
*See,
in relation to this licensed trade, the "first explanatory
article" of the treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation,
between the United States and Great Britain, of the 19th of
November, 1974.
And
should any tribe, with hostile intentions against the United States,
or either of them, attempt to pass through their country, they will
endeavor to prevent the same, and in like manner give information of
such attempt, to the general, or officer commanding, as soon as
possible, that all causes of mistrust and suspicion may be avoided
between them and the United States. In like manner, the United
States shall give notice to the said Indian tribes of any harm that
may be meditated against them, or either of them, that shall come to
their knowledge; and do all in their power to hinder and prevent the
same, that the friendship between them may be uninterrupted.
Article
10
All
other treaties heretofore made between the United States, and the
said Indian tribes, or any of them, since the treaty of 1783,
between the United States and Great Britain, that come within the
purview of this treaty, shall henceforth cease and become void.
In
testimony whereof, the said Anthony Wayne, and the sachems and war
chiefs of the before mentioned nations and tribes of Indians, have
hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals.
Done
at Greenville, in the territory of the United States northwest of
the river Ohio, on the third day of August, one thousand seven
hundred and ninety five.
Wyandots
-
Tarhe,
or Crane, his x mark L.S.
-
J.
Williams, jun. his x mark, L.S.
-
Teyyaghtaw,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Haroenyou,
or half king's son, his x mark, L.S.
-
Tehaawtorens,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Awmeyeeray,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Stayetah,
his x mark L.S.
-
Shateyyaronyah,
or Leather Lips, his x mark, L.S.
-
Daughshuttayah,
his x mark L.S.
-
Shaawrunthe,
his x mark L.S.
Delawares
-
Tetabokshke,
or Grand Glaize King, his x mark, L.S.
-
Lemantanquis,
or Black King, his x mark, L.S.
-
Wabatthoe,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Maghpiway,
or Red Feather, his x mark, L.S.
-
Kikthawenund,
or Anderson, his x mark, L.S.
-
Bukongehelas,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Peekeelund,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Wellebawkeelund,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Peekeetelemund,
or Thomas Adams, his x mark, L.S.
-
Kishkopekund,
or Captain Buffalo, his x mark, L.S.
-
Amenahehan,
or Captain Crow, his x mark, L.S.
-
Queshawksey,
or George Washington, his x mark, L.S.
-
Weywinquis,
or Billy Siscomb, his x mark, L.S.
-
Moses,
his x mark, L.S.
Shawanees
-
Misquacoonacaw,
or Red Pole, his x mark, L.S.
-
Cutthewekasaw,
or Black Hoof, his x mark, L.S.
-
Kaysewaesekah,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Weythapamattha,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Nianysmeka,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Waytheah,
or Long Shanks, his x mark, L.S.
-
Weyapiersenwaw,
or Blue Jacket, his x mark, L.S.
-
Nequetaughaw,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Hahgoosekaw,
or Captain Reed, his x mark, L.S.
Ottawas
-
Augooshaway,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Keenoshameek,
his x mark, L.S.
-
La
Malice, his x mark, L.S.
-
Machiwetah,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Thowonawa,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Secaw,
his x mark, L.S.
Chippewas
-
Mashipinashiwish,
or Bad Bird, his x mark, L.S.
-
Nahshogashe,
(from Lake Superior), his x mark, L.S.
-
Kathawasung,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Masass,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Nemekass,
or Little Thunder, his x mark, L.S.
-
Peshawkay,
or Young Ox, his x mark, L.S.
-
Nanguey,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Meenedohgeesogh,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Peewanshemenogh,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Weymegwas,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Gobmaatick,
his x mark, L.S.
Ottawa
Pattawatimas
-
Thupenebu,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Nawac,
for himself and brother Etsimethe, his x mark, L.S.
-
Nenanseka,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Keesass,
or Run, his x mark, L.S.
-
Kabamasaw,
for himself and brother Chisaugan, his x mark, L.S.
-
Sugganunk,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Wapmeme,
or White Pigeon, his x mark, L.S.
-
Wacheness,
for himself and brother Pedagoshok, his x mark, L.S.
-
Wabshicawnaw,
his x mark, L.S.
-
La
Chasse, his x mark, L.S.
-
Meshegethenogh,
for himself and brother, Wawasek, his x mark, L.S.
-
Hingoswash,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Anewasaw,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Nawbudgh,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Missenogomaw,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Waweegshe,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Thawme,
or Le Blanc, his x mark, L.S.
-
Geeque,
for himself and brother Shewinse, his x mark, L.S.
Pattawatimas
of Huron
-
Okia,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Chamung,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Segagewan,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Nanawme,
for himself and brother A. Gin, his x mark, L.S.
-
Marchand,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Wenameac,
his x mark, L.S.
Miamis
-
Nagohquangogh,
or Le Gris, his x mark, L.S.
-
Meshekunnoghquoh,
or Little Turtle, his x mark, L.S.
Miamis
and Eel Rivers
-
Peejeewa,
or Richard Ville, his x mark, L.S.
-
Cochkepoghtogh,
his x mark, L.S.
Eel
River Tribe
Miamis
Weas,
for themselves & the Piankeshaws
-
Amacunsa,
or Little Beaver, his x mark, L.S.
-
Acoolatha,
or Little Fox, his x mark, L.S.
-
Francis,
his x mark, L.S.
Kickapoos
and Kaskaskias
-
Keeawhah,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Nemighka,
or Josey Renard, his x mark, L.S.
-
Paikeekanogh,
his x mark, L.S.
Delawares
of Sandusky
-
Hawkinpumiska,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Peyamawksey,
his x mark, L.S.
-
Reyntueco,
(of the Six Nations, living at Sandusky), his x mark, L.S.
H.
De Butts, first A.D.C. and Sec'ry to Major Gen. Wayne,
Wm. H. Harrison, Aid de Camp to Major Gen. Wayne,
T. Lewis, Aid de Camp to Major Gen. Wayne,
James O'Hara, Quartermaster Gen'l.
John Mills, Major of Infantry, and Adj. Gen'l. Caleb Swan,
P.M.T.U.S.
Gen. Demter, Lieut. Artillery,
Vigo,
P.
Frs. La Fontaine,
Ast. Lasselle,
Sworn interpret
ers. H. Lasselle,
Wm. We
lls, Js. Beau Bien,
Jacques Lasse
lle, David Jones, Chaplain U.S.S.
M. Morins,
Lewis Beaufait,
Bt. Sans Crainte,
R. Lachambre,
Christopher Miller,
Jas. Pepen,
Robert Wilson,
Baties Coutien,
Abraham Williams, his x mark
P. Navarre.
Isaac Zane, his x mark
  
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